Invitrogen™ HMGB1 Polyclonal Antibody

High-mobility group box 1 protein, previously known as HMG-1 or amphoterin, is a member of the high mobility group box family of non-histone chromosomal proteins. Human HMGB1 is expressed as a 30 kDa, 215 amino acid (aa) single chain polypeptide containing three domains: two N-terminal globular, 70 aa positively charged DNA-binding domains (HMG boxes A and B), and a negatively charged 30 aa C-terminal region that contains only Asp and Glu. HMGB1 is expressed at high levels in almost all cells. It was originally discovered as a nuclear protein that could bend DNA. Such bending stabilizes nucleosome formation and regulates the expression of select genes upon recruitment by DNA binding proteins. It is now known that HMGB1 can also act extracellularly, both as an inflammatory mediator that promotes monocyte migration and cytokine secretion, and as a mediator of T cell-dendritic cell interaction. Moreover, HMGB1 is reported that the level of HMGB1 is elevated during sterile tissue injury, infection, lethal endotoxemia or sepsis, collagen-induced arthritis, and ischemia-reperfusion induced tissue injury.