Invitrogen™ TNF alpha Monoclonal Antibody (MP6-XT22), Functional Grade, eBioscience™, Invitrogen™

Description

Description: The MP6-XT22 antibody reacts with mouse tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), a 17 kDa cytokine produced by monocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, NK cells and CD4^+ T cells. TNF-alpha has cytolytic activity against a range of tumor cells and is important in immune regulation. TNF-alpha forms dimers and trimers and also exists as a 26 kDa membrane-bound form. Applications Reported: The MP6-XT22 antibody has been reported for use in ELISA, neutralization, and immunohistochemistry. Applications Tested: The Functional Grade Purified MP6-XT22 antibody has been tested by LAL assay to verify low endotoxin level and has been tested for neutralization of TNF alpha bioactivity. The MP6-XT22 antibody at 1.25 μg/mL has been found to neutralize by 50% the biological effects of 1.0 ng/mL mouse TNF alpha in an assay of TNF alpha induced cytotoxicity of L929 cells. Detailed information and protocols about cytokine bioassays and in vitro cytokine neutralization using antibodies can be found in the BestProtocols™ section. It is recommended that the antibody be carefully titrated for optimal performance in the assay of interest. Storage and handling: Use in a sterile environment. Filtration: 0.2 μm post-manufacturing filtered. Purity: Greater than 90%, as determined by SDS-PAGE. Endotoxin Level: Less than 0.001 ng/μg antibody, as determined by LAL assay. Aggregation: Less than 10%, as determined by HPLC.

TNF alpha is a multifunctional proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. This cytokine is mainly secreted by macrophage and bind to its receptors, TNFRSF1A/TNFR1 and TNFRSF1B/TNFBR. TNF alpha is involved in the regulation of immune cells, cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis, lipid metabolism, and coagulation. TNF alpha exists as a multimer of two, three, or five noncovalently linked units, but shows a single 17 kDa band following SDS-PAGE under non-reducing conditions. Knockout studies in mice also suggested the neuroprotective function of TNF alpha, and has been observed to causes tumor necrosis when injected into tumor-bearing mice. Other functions of TNF-alpha include its role in the immune response to bacterial, viral, parasitic and certain fungal infections, as well as its role in the necrosis of specific tumors. TNF alpha causes cytolysis or cytostasis of certain transformed cells, being synergistic with interferon-gamma in its cytotoxicity. This cytokine has been implicated in a variety of diseases, including autoimmune diseases, insulin resistance, and cancer.